Strategies for Atmospheric Impacts of Road Transport

Methodologies for Atmospheric Impacts of Road Transport Consider the possibilities for utilizing elective powers to decrease the barometrical effects of street transportâ As our reality has globalized, our general public has gotten progressively interconnected through forward leaps in our capacity to head out starting with one zone then onto the next. This interconnectedness has been of monetary and social advantage for individuals everywhere throughout the world, to such an extent that we allude to our reality as contracting because of the simplicity and snappiness of transport contrasted with that of the past. Be that as it may, with this turn of events and increment in transport our atmosphere has been affected. In the past fumes gases from street traffic had, and still has, negative consequences for air quality as street transport are significant reasons for nitrogen oxide contamination. Because of the presentation of U.S Clean Air Act of 1970 large scale manufacturing of exhaust systems began in 1975 in the US and was acquainted with Europe ten years after the fact. All things considered, street transport turned out to be progressively attractive for both private and business use. About 38% all out fuel devoured is diesel, 60% is gas and 1% and 0.7% is vaporous powers and biofuels. OECD nations are answerable for 66% of the universes fuel utilization (Uherek et al, 2010). Street transport vehicles produce an amount of various hurtful contaminations including nitrous oxides and particulate issue. These outflow levels are especially high in urban conditions where the populace is thick. The European association has set cutoff points to the measure of contamination that populaces ought to devour yet these cutoff points are still penetrated in the densest zones where engine vehicles will in general aggregate. NOx involves a blend of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Noticeable all around NO is quickly changed over to NO2 which will likewise respond noticeable all around to frame nitrate particles and ozone (O3). NO2 is a poisonous gas destructive for wellbeing. NOx discharges likewise add to fermentation and eutrophication, making genuine harm environments. Street transport represents 33% of NOx emanations and is the prevailing source in urban vigorously dealt regions. The normal commitment of nearby traffic to urban NO2 and PM10 focuses is assessed at 64% and 34%, individually. It is assessed that around 10% of the EU urban populace is presented to NO2 levels over as far as possible worth and that roughly 80% of the urban populace is presented to PM10 levels surpassing the WHO rule esteem. https://www.transportenvironment.org/what-we-do/air-contamination/street vehicles Individuals realize that street transport is unsafe to the earth but then they keep on utilizing vehicles. The quantity of vehicles utilized is probably going to just increment as underdeveloped nations create and populaces keep on rising, implying that essentially utilizing less vehicles is a ridiculous arrangement. With this unmistakably on the off chance that we are going to bring down the contamination levels of vehicles we have to either improve their effectiveness or quit utilizing the unsafe energizes they consume. Improvement of elective powers for street transport differ contingent upon the nation and their monetary standing. At the point when oil costs went up in 1970 it advanced new enthusiasm for the possibility of elective fills. Nations, for example, Brazil and the US started considering biofuels as a substitution however following a time of research and trials elective fuel sources despite everything represents under 2 percent of the universes street transport fuel uti lization. This 2 percent is restricted to Brazil, the US and the European Union. The departure from customary fuel sources has been seen as amazingly troublesome in the vehicle segment contrasted with others (Johnston and Silveira, 2014). One of the most usually alluded to of elective energizes is ethanol, the most widely recognized biofuel. With the synthetic equation C2H5OH it is a similar liquor found in mixed drinks. Utilized by mixing it into gas so it makes up 5 to 10 percent of the blend. When taking a gander at the attributes of ethanol it has a lower vitality content than fuel. To arrive at a similar separation you would require a third more ethanol than what you would need of gas. http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/transportation/afvs/ethanol.html Ethanol is inexhaustible not normal for our limited oil asset. Its the result of different plant materials, as a rule of corn, so there isnt a huge issue around having the option to deliver it. Ethanol works best when mixed with gas as it has a high-octane number, fuel has a base octane number to guarantee its drivability. http://www.afdc.energy.gov/powers/ethanol_fuel_basics.html Figure 1 Global Ethanol Production http://www.afdc.energy.gov/information/10331 The above diagram Figure 1 shows the creation of ethanol in various nations throughout the years, what this chart can let us know is that creation has been consistently developing with a couple of plunges in all probability down to times when different fills were less expensive. We can likewise observe that the USA and Brazil are reliably the best makers. Enthusiasm for biofuels has been developing and companys, for example, shell and BP are seeing them as a potential future swap for gas. Ethanol produced using corn makes 25 percent more vitality than that which is required to develop the corn and distil into ethanol. In spite of the fact that ethanol makes a progressively compelling fuel it doesnt resolve the issue that we are still intensely dependent on petroleum derivatives for street transport. Despite the fact that it might create marginally lower ozone harming substance emanations its still insufficient to be feasible (Hordeski, 2009). Electric vehicles are more underway now than any other time in recent memory with individuals possessing and driving them, numerous electric vehicles guarantee zero discharges anyway it is contended that electric vehicles can be as harming as standard gas controlled vehicles. Electric vehicles depend on being charged to be fueled. This power to do so originates from the neighborhood power organize. The vitality in this system has come power plants that arent outflow free. In California in 2015 60 percent of power originated from consuming petroleum derivatives and wind and sunlight based just represented and small 14 percent. If so than does utilizing an electric vehicle truly enhance how it impacts the environment? One thing that electric vehicles do, in any case, is make air quality better in urban regions which would thus bring down contamination beneath the European Unions limit meaning more beneficial air for city inhabitants. Around evening time there is when power delivered is least expensive, from flammable gas, atomic and hydroelectric dams anyway this isn't the greenest alternative and individuals are bound to charge their vehicles short-term, sunlight based is obviously just accessible during the day when theres sun implying that its greener to charge vehicles during the day. Because of the network, be that as it may, there is practically no ability to store power made from sunlight based and wind meaning vitality is utilized as its created. The main trust in this issue is future improvement of the lattice to have the option to store vitality from renewables (Deb, 2016). https://www.theguardian.com/condition/2016/dec/08/electric-vehicle emanations environmental change Flammable gas is a scentless and dry vaporous blend of hydrocarbons. Condensed flammable gas and compacted gaseous petrol is utilized for simplicity of transportation and both utilized as engine fuel. Petroleum gas is utilized for its accessibility, minimal effort and its advantages of emanation. Vehicle that are intended to run on LNG and CNG drive as successfully as those utilizing oil http://www.afdc.energy.gov/powers/natural_gas_benefits.html Taking everything into account, unmistakably we should look towards elective techniques for fuel with expectations of bringing down our carbon impression as without doing so we will just keep on delivering increasingly more contamination. With regards to utilizing biofuels and flammable gas they may without a doubt give certain advantages and enhancements however in the drawn out they are additionally non-maintainable because of ethanol at present simply being an added substance to a limited oil and gaseous petrol being a limited asset itself. Electric would be alluring particularly on the off chance that we had the option to depend totally on inexhaustible fuel sources, for example, sun powered and wind later on. Be that as it may, all remain imperfect and just further advancement will make the fuel wellspring of things to come. Uherek, E et al. (2010). Transport impacts on air and atmosphere: Land transport. 44th ed. Elsevier, pp.4772-4816.

Biological Significance of BST2 Overexpression in OSCC

Natural Significance of BST2 Overexpression in OSCC Overexpression of BST2 is related with nodal metastasis and less fortunate visualization in oral hole disease Theoretical Objective: Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) was one of the proteins which were discovered identified with tumor metastasis in our past proteomic study. Presently we need to inspect its clinical job on the oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Study Design: Individual review associate investigation and essential research. Strategies: Immunohistochemical examination, Western blotching, and quantitative continuous polymerase anchor response were utilized to exhibit the articulation levels of BST2 on 159 OSCC tumors. RNA obstruction was used for cell relocation and expansion concentrate in vitro. Results: BST2 articulation was fundamentally higher in OSCC cells of metastatic lymph hubs and essential tumor cells, contrasted with contiguous ordinary epithelia. Higher BST2 articulation was related with positive N stage, propelled by and large stage, perineural intrusion, and tumor profundity (P = 0.049, 0.015, 0.021, and 0.010, individually). OSCC patients with higher BST2 articulation had more unfortunate guess for sickness explicit and illness free endurance (P = 0.009 and 0.001, individually). Multivariate investigations additionally exhibited that higher BST2 articulation is an autonomous prognostic factor of illness explicit and ailment free endurance (P = 0.047 and 0.013, individually). In-vitro concealment of BST2 articulation in OEC-M1 cells indicated that BST2 adds to tumor relocation of OSCC cells. Ends: The discoveries in this examination show that BST2 articulation in OSCC tumors is a free prognostic factor of patient endurance and related with tumor metastasis. Catchphrases: oral malignant growth; head and neck; BST2; metastasis; OSCC; tumor marker; squamous cell carcinoma. Level of proof: NA Presentation Oral pit squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most widely recognized head-and-neck disease worldwide and stays a troublesome harm to treat in light of inexact half death rates disregarding late advances in the contemporary administration in the course of the last three decades.1-4 Cervical lymph hub dispersal has been for some time viewed as one of the significant poor prognosticators in quiet with OSCC and is a significant impediment to OSCC the executives. 5-8 Previously, some transcriptomic considers examining OSCC tumors have built up the articulation marks of OSCC metastasis.9-13 On the other hand, our gathering additionally utilized a proteomic approach by isobaric labels for relative and total quantitation to recognize proteins that are differentially communicated between laser catch microdissected essential and metastatic OSCC tumors and some potential markers of OSCC metastasis were along these lines discovered.14 From the applicant proteins got from by this methodology, bo ne marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) was distinguished as one of the potential particles related with OSCC metastasis and need further approval in the clinical scenario.14 The BST2 quality is situated on chromosome 19p13.2 and codes for a 35kDa transmembrane glycoprotein comprising 180 amino acids. It is otherwise called the HM1.24 antigen, CD317, and tetherin.15,16 BST2 has been seen as communicated on develop B cells however not on other ordinary tissues of wellbeing individuals.15 The BST2 overexpression has been distinguished in a few malignant growth types, for example, different myeloma, endometrial disease, gastric disease, and glioblastoma multiforme.17-23 Moreover, BST2 was found related with the tumor movement and metastasis by past discoveries from the pancreatic endocrine tumors with liver metastases and the bosom diseases with bone metastasis.24,25 In vitro, overexpression of BST2 expanded attack, relocation, cell multiplication and apoptosis avoidance in bosom malignant growth cells.26,27 Thus, in light of the discoveries of these past investigations and our proteomic revelation, we likewise guessed that BST2 is overexpressed in OSCC and assumes a particular job in tumor cell regulation. In like manner, our examination is intended to research the articulation and the job of BST2 in the OSCC tumors. Immunohistochemical examination and quantitative continuous PCR were utilized to show the articulation levels of BST2 on OSCC tumors. We additionally utilized RNAi procedures to stifle the BST2 articulation to research the impacts of BST2 regulation on the OSCC cell line in vitro. Materials and Methods Tolerant Characteristics and Clinical Specimens One houndred and thirty-eight male and 21 female were analyzed as OSCC patients at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (Tao-Yuan, Taiwan) somewhere in the range of 2002 and 2007 and took on this investigation. Understanding age at determination went from 22.0 to 84.0 years (mean, 51.9â ±12.3). The related subsites of the oral cavity were buccal mucosa (62 patients), gum (21), hard sense of taste (5), lip (5), story of the mouth (5), and tongue (61). Patients with in any event one of the accompanying conditions were viewed as ineligible: unresectable or inoperable disease, other essential malignancy (simultaneous or metachronous), repetitive disease, far off metastasis, earlier history of danger, treatment with neoadjuvant treatment, clinical contraindication for medical procedure, or people lost to development. Sores analyzed as carcinoma in situ, verrucous carcinoma or a histologically basaloid subtype were likewise excluded from the examination. All patients gave educated agree befor e study support, and the investigation was endorsed by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patients experienced standard preoperative work-ups as per institutional rules, including definite clinical history, complete physical assessment, processed tomography or attractive reverberation imaging sweeps of the head and neck, chest radiographs, bone output, and stomach ultrasound. Essential tumors were extracted with satisfactory edges under intraoperative solidified segment control. Careful imperfections were promptly recreated by means of free fold or nearby fold by plastic specialists, if important. Following careful treatment, neurotic TNM order of all tumors was set up as per the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual (2007). After release, all patients had ordinary follow-up visits at regular intervals for the primary year, like clockwork for the subsequent year, and like clockwork thereafter.28-30 RNA Extraction and Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Detection of BST2 As indicated by the manufacturer’s convention, complete RNA of sixty matched OSCC tumor and contiguous ordinary tissues was extricated and sanitization by utilizing RNAzol B reagent (Tel-Test, Friendwood, TX) and a RNeasy cleanup pack (Qiagen, Valencia, CA). 5ug of absolute RNA was utilized for first-strand cDNA combination and afterward adding to a response blend involving industrially available preliminaries (BST2 Hs00171632_m1 and standardization control B2M, Hs00984230_m1 and ACTB, Hs99999903_m1 ; Assay-on-Demand, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA), TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix, and without rnase water. 7900 HT Sequence Detection System was utilized for performing quantitative ongoing RT-PCR and the outcome was dissected with SDS rendition 2 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). All examinations were rehashed in copy, and the mean overlay change of each example was determined. Western blotch investigation Proteins were separated from culture cells with RIPA support (50 mM Tris pH 8, 0.0150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 1% Triton X-100, 0.1% SDS, 0.2 % Na-deoxylate, 1x protease mixed drink (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and the fixations decided utilizing the BCA protein test pack (Perice Biotechnology) Samples were isolated on 12% SDS gels, moved to PVDF layers (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Buckinghamshire, UK), and examined utilizing hare monoclonal enemy of BST2 counter acting agent (Epitomics, Burlingame, CA), mouse monoclonal beta-actin neutralizer (MAB1501, Chemicon, Billerica, MA), and mouse monoclonal GAPDH immune response (Novus, Littleton, CO). The beta-actin and GAPDH signals were utilized as the stacking controls. Densitometer quantitation was additionally estimated to show the relative overlay contrasts of prtein levels. Chemical connected immunosorbent test (ELISA) estimation ELISA unit for human BST2 (CUSABIO, Hubei, China) was utilized for deciding the BST2 levels in the tried examples. Human recombinant BST2 was utilized as the norm. Quickly, 100 ÃŽ ¼l of tests or standard were added to a murine monoclonal immune response against BST2 covered microtiter plates and hatched for 2 h at room temperature. After the plates were washing with wash margarine for multiple times, a biotin-conjugated polyclonal counter acting agent was included and further brooded for 1 h at room temperature. The plates were washed multiple times again and 100 ÃŽ ¼l of horseradish peroxidase-avidin was included at room temperature for 1 h. After the plates were washed multiple times and 90 ÃŽ ¼l of tetramethylbenzidine was added to each well. The response was ended by including of 2 N sulfuric corrosive, and the optical thickness of each very much was estimated by a microplate peruser set to 450 nm. Each trial was acted in triplicate. Immunohistochemical Staining For immunohistochemistry, formalin-fixed and paraffin-inserted tissues were cut into 4 à ¯Ã¢ Ã¢ ­m segments, deparaffinized, rehydrated, and arranged for antigen recovery. Slides of successive segments were hatched with the suitable antibodies: bunny monoclonal enemy of BST2 immune response (weakened 1:30, Epitomics, Burlingame, CA) at room temperature for 60 minutes. After brooding, slides were washed multiple times with phosphate supported saline, hatched with horseradish peroxidase polymer immune response (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) at room temperature for 10 min, and created by the expansion of 3,3’-Diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB) reagent (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) as the chromogen and hematoxylin as the counterstain. A ScanScope CT computerized slide-filtering framework (Aperio Technologies, Vista, CA) was utilized for getting pictures of recolored slides. Articulation of BST2 was scored utilizing a

PTSD Symptoms and Diagnosis

PTSD Symptoms and Diagnosis PTSD Symptoms Print Symptoms and Diagnosis of PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 29, 2018 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 24, 2019 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand DSM-5 Criteria for PTSD Other Diagnostic Tools When to See a Professional Related Conditions View All Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) occurs after a traumatic event and interferes with a persons ability to function. You may wonder if you or someone you care about has PTSD, and whether you need to get professional help. If you are experiencing symptoms of PTSD, it is important to see a doctor so that you can get the right diagnosis and treatment. Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell The Difference Between PTSD and Stress Not everyone who has experienced a traumatic event will develop PTSD. After a traumatic event, it is normal to have strong feelings of anxiety, sadness, or stress. Some people may even experience nightmares, memories about the event, or problems sleeping at night, which are common characteristics of PTSD. However, these symptoms do not necessarily mean that you have PTSD. Think of it this way: Headaches can be a symptom of a bigger problem, such as meningitis. However, having a headache does not necessarily mean that you have meningitis. The same is true for PTSD. Many of the symptoms are part of the bodys normal response to stress, but having them does not mean that you have PTSD.?? There are specific requirements that must be met for a diagnosis of PTSD. These requirements are outlined in the  5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Causes and Risk Factors of PTSD DSM-5 Criteria for PTSD Criterion A: Stressor Exposure or threat of death, serious injury, or sexual violence in one or more of the following ways:?? You directly experienced the event.You witnessed the event happen to someone else, in person.You learned of a close relative or close friend who experienced  an actual or threatened accidental or violent death.You had repeated indirect exposure to distressing details of the event(s). This could occur in the course of professional duties (first responders, collecting body parts, or professionals repeatedly exposed to details of child abuse). This does not include indirect non-professional exposure through electronic media, television, movies, or pictures. Criterion B: Intrusion Symptoms The traumatic event is persistently re-experienced in one or more of the following ways:?? Recurrent, involuntary, and intrusive memories. Children older than six may express this symptom through repetitive play in which aspects of the trauma are expressed.Traumatic nightmares or upsetting dreams with content related to the event. Children may have frightening dreams without content related to the trauma.Dissociative reactions, such as flashbacks, in which it feels like the experience is happening again. These may occur on a continuum ranging from brief episodes to complete loss of consciousness. Children may re-enact the events in play.Intense or prolonged distress after exposure to traumatic reminders.Marked physiological reactivity, such as increased heart rate, after exposure to traumatic reminders. Criterion C: Avoidance Persistent effortful avoidance of distressing trauma-related reminders after the event as evidenced by one or both of the following:?? Avoidance of trauma-related thoughts or feelings.Avoidance of trauma-related external reminders, such as people, places, conversations, activities, objects, or situations. Criterion D: Negative Alterations in Mood Negative alterations in cognition and mood that began or worsened after the traumatic event as evidenced by two or more of the following:?? Inability to recall key features of the traumatic event. This is usually dissociative amnesia, not due to head injury, alcohol, or drugs.Persistent, and often distorted negative beliefs and expectations about oneself or the world, such as I am bad, or The world is completely dangerous.Persistent distorted blame of self or others for causing the traumatic event or for the resulting consequences.Persistent negative emotions, including fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame.Markedly diminished interest in activities that used to be enjoyable.Feeling alienated, detached or estranged from others.Persistent inability to experience positive emotions, such as happiness, love, and joy. Criterion E: Alterations in Arousal and Reactivity Trauma-related alterations in arousal and reactivity that began or worsened after the traumatic event, including two or more of the following:?? Irritable or aggressive behaviorSelf-destructive or reckless behaviorFeeling constantly on guard or like danger is lurking around every corner (hypervigilance)Exaggerated startle responseProblems in concentrationSleep disturbance Criterion F: Duration Persistence of symptoms in Criteria B, C, D, and E for more than one month.?? Criterion G: Functional Significance Significant symptom-related distress or impairment of different areas of life, such as social or occupational.?? Criterion H: Exclusion The disturbance is not due to medication, substance use, or other illness.?? DSM-5 PTSD Diagnosis In order to be diagnosed with PTSD according to the DSM-5, you need to meet the following:Criterion AOne symptom or more from Criterion BOne symptom or more from Criterion CTwo symptoms or more from Criterion DTwo symptoms or more from Criterion ECriterion FCriterion GCriterion H Changes in Diagnostic Criteria There are a few changes in the latest version of the DSM regarding PTSD diagnosis.?? Key changes include: More clearly defining what kind of events are considered traumatic in Criterion AAdding a fourth type of exposure in Criterion AIncreasing the number of symptom groups from three to four by separating avoidance symptoms into their own group (Criterion C)Increasing the number of symptoms from 17 to 20Changing the wording of some of the symptoms from DSM-IVAdding a new set of criteria for children aged 6 or youngerEliminating the acute and chronic specifiersIntroducing a new specifier with dissociative symptoms The biggest change in the DSM-5 is removing PTSD from the category of anxiety disorders and putting it in a classification called Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders. You can review the rationale behind these changes, as well as look at other changes in the DSM-5, at the website for the  American Psychiatric Association  (APA). Other Diagnostic Tools In addition to using the DSM-5 manual to assess for PTSD criteria, a medical professional will likely want to complete a physical examination to check for medical problems that could be contributing to or causing symptoms. A psychological evaluation is likely to be recommended, which allows for you to openly discuss with your provider some of the events that have led to you experiencing these symptoms. During this evaluation, you would share with a provider signs and symptoms youre experiencing, as well as the duration and level of intensity of those signs.?? This collective information can help medical providers and mental health professionals gain an understanding of your treatment needs and provide you with an appropriate level of care. When to See a Professional The debilitating symptoms of PTSD can make living, working, and interacting difficult. In fact, many people struggling with post traumatic stress disorder can turn to unhealthy coping skills like substance abuse or self-harm in an attempt to minimize or escape from their emotional distress. If you have been experiencing symptoms for longer than a month,?? it could be helpful for you to talk with a professional. When you are dealing with nightmares, flashbacks, and a negative outlook about yourself and others, it can begin to feel like things will never change. Finding a qualified professional to help can make all the difference, bringing back hope through the sharing of your experiences and helping you learn healthy, effective ways of coping. PTSD Discussion Guide Get our printable guide to help you ask the right questions at your next doctors appointment. Download PDF Time Doesnt Always Help Sometimes after a traumatic experience, people believe that their symptoms will eventually go away over time. This eventual lessening of distressing symptoms can happen for some peopleâ€"but not for everyone. You may experience symptoms long after the traumatic event has taken place, making it difficult to associate your symptoms with PTSD. Even if months or years have passed, it can be helpful for you to speak with a qualified professional to gain an accurate understanding of what is happening for you and be connected with appropriate resources that can help you regain your quality of life. Related Conditions Although the hallmark of post-traumatic stress disorder is having experienced or witnessed a traumatic event, there are a variety of distressing symptoms that someone with PTSD will experience after the event. Understanding that some of these symptoms may overlap with other mental health conditions, it is important that a thorough evaluation is done to make sure the diagnosis of PTSD is accurate. Other conditions that could be discussed or explored with your health care provider, due to the symptoms you might be experiencing, could include things like:?? Obsessive-compulsive disorderAcute stress disorderAdjustment disorderPanic disorderGeneralized anxiety disorderMajor depressionSubstance abuseEating disorders Again, because some of the distressing symptoms can overlap a bit with other mental health conditions, it is important to talk with a qualified professional to make sure you receive an accurate diagnosis and are provided with appropriate resources for care and treatment. Being honest and open with your provider about the symptoms you have been experiencing is critical to helping them understand what is happening for you and to establish the right path for your healing. The Best Online Therapy Programs

Emory University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Emory University is a highly selective private university with an acceptance rate of 19%. To apply, students can use the Common Application or the Coalition Application. Emory has an Early Decision program that can improve admission chances for students who are sure the university is their top choice school. A highly-ranked university in the metropolitan Atlanta area, Emory is a member of the elite  Association of American Universities  for its research strengths and one of the top universities in the Southeast. The school was awarded a chapter of  Phi Beta Kappa  for commitment to the liberal arts and sciences. Most of Emorys undergrads go to Emory College on the main campus, but approximately 500 students begin a two-year liberal arts program at Oxford College in the small town of Oxford, Georgia. Emorys multi-billion-dollar endowment ranks with many Ivy League universities and helps support its strong schools of medicine, theology, law, nursing, public health, and business. On the athletic front, the Emory Eagles compete in the NCAA Division III University Athletic Association. Considering applying to this highly selective school? Here are the Emory admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Emory University had an acceptance rate of 19%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 19 were admitted, making Emorys admissions process highly competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 27,559 Percent Admitted 19% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 28% SAT Scores and Requirements Emory requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 57% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th percentile 75th percentile ERW 660 730 Math 690 790 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Emorys admitted students fall within the top 20% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Emory scored between 660 and 730, while 25% scored below 660 and 25% scored above 730. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 690 and 790, while 25% scored below 690 and 25% scored above 790. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1520 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Emory. Requirements Emory does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Emory participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. SAT Subject tests are encouraged but not required. Applicants submitting SAT Subject test scores may choose which SAT Subject test scores to report. ACT Scores and Requirements Emory requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 64% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th percentile 75th percentile Composite 31 34 This admissions data tells us that most of Emorys admitted students fall within the top 5% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Emory received a composite ACT score between 31 and 34, while 25% scored above 34 and 25% scored below 31. Requirements Emory does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. The ACT writing section is not required for admission to Emory. GPA In 2018, the middle 50% of Emorys incoming class had unweighted high school GPAs between 3.78 and 3.99. 25% had a GPA above 3.99 and 25% had a GPA below 3.78. These results suggest that most successful applicants to Emory University have primarily A and B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Emory University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Emory University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and  calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Emory University has a highly competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. However, like many of the countrys most selective colleges, Emory has a holistic admissions process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong application essay and glowing letters of recommendation can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful extracurricular activities and a rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside Emorys average range. All admissions data has been sourced from the  National Center for Education Statistics  and  the Emory University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Herbert Clark Hoovers Impact on the United States

Herbert Clark Hoover was inaugurated President in March of 1929. When he became President, the country was enjoying economic prosperity. Half a year later everything would change. Hoover was born on August 10, 1974 in West Branch, Iowa. His parents were rural Quakers. His father was a blacksmith and his mother a school teacher. He studied geology and mining at Stanford University in that institutions’ first freshman class. He met a female student, Lou Henry, in his geology class, whom he later married. After college Mr. and Mrs. Hoover managed and organized mining properties in China, Africa, Europe, and Western Australia. By the time Hoover was 40 years old, he was a millionaire. In 1914, World War I breaks out. To old to fight,†¦show more content†¦Economic laws suggested that the market worked in waves and the upward spiral could not continue. A wave of panic gripped investors. On October 23, 1929, investors dumped their stocks loosing more than four billion dollars in the market. The next day, known as Black Tuesday, the market lost another nine billion dollars. Without a money supply, no new jobs were created and many were lost. Corporations cut production, slashed wages, and reduced jobs. By 1932, more than one million people were homeless in America and by 1933 almost twenty-five percent of the work force was unemployed. Unable to pay rents or mortgages, eventually nearly six hundred thousand people lost their property. Many took to living in caves, sewer pipes, with relatives, or joined the sea of homeless people. Some sold apples on street corners - some dug through garbage bans - and others begged. Shanty towns, called Hoovervilles sprang up on abandoned land and in parks. Breadlines formed in cities. Many children had nothing to eat. Hoover felt that economic downturns were a normal part of capitalism. They weeded out unproductive firms. He, like many other businessman, opposed federal aid to the unemployed. Many political leaders at the time held the view that the government should not fiscally aid the unemployed as it would do little to spur economic recovery. Hoover, although he did not believe in financially aiding the unemployed, took unprecedented measures to deal with theShow MoreRelatedHerbert Hoover4987 Words   |  20 PagesHerbert Hoover Herbert Clark Hoover was born on August 10, 1874. He was the thirty first president of the United States. Hoovers Term for President was from 1929 to 1933. He was a world-wide known mining engineer and humanitarian administrator. • As the United States Secretary of Commerce in the 1920s under Presidents Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge, he promoted economic modernization. In the presidential election of 1928, Hoover easily won the Republican Nomination. The nation was prosperousRead MoreAmerican Revolution and Study Guide Essay example5377 Words   |  22 Pageshave argued the Puritanism was especially suited for life in the wilderness of 17th century America. Do you agree or disagree? Explain (10pts) 3. To what extent had the Massachusetts Bay colonists endorsed the idea of the â€Å"separation of church and state?† (10pts) 4. To what extent was the New England Confederation a first step toward colonial unity? (10 pts) Chapter 4 Study Guide â€Å"American Life, 1607-1692† 1. Compare and contrast the colonies of New England and the South based on the following: Read MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 PagesELEVENTH EDITION MARKETING MISTAKES AND SUCCESSES 30TH ANNIVERSARY Robert F. Hartley Cleveland State University JOHN WILEY SONS, INC. VICE PRESIDENT PUBLISHER EXECUTIVE EDITOR ASSISTANT EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGER PRODUCTION ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE MARKETING MANAGER ASSISTANT MARKETING MANAGER MARKETING ASSISTANT DESIGN DIRECTOR SENIOR DESIGNER SENIOR MEDIA EDITOR George Hoffman Lise Johnson Carissa Doshi Dorothy Sinclair Matt Winslow Amy Scholz Carly DeCandia

American Gangster Film Review by Steven Zaillian Free Essays

A Film Review November 27, 2007 Title: American Gangster Genre: Gangster Writer: Steven Zaillian Director: Ridley Scott Date and Place of performance: November 21, 2007 at my house On November 21, 2007, I was home for break and watched an interesting-historical film titled American Gangster. The film was written by Steven Zaillian and was directed by Ridley Scott. American Gangster was a gangster movie that reflected back on the pass. We will write a custom essay sample on American Gangster Film Review by Steven Zaillian or any similar topic only for you Order Now The performance environment was at my house in the living room on a DVD player. The room was dark, cool, and very comfortable, which made it very relaxing and easier to watch and study the film. American Gangster took place in Harlem, New Jersey, in the 1960’s and 1970’s. It was a movie that was based on a true story, of a man by the name of Frank Lucas. American Gangster was basically about Frank Lucas and his life as a big time business man, big time street-pharmacist, but most of all a family man. Frank Lucas was a business man of street drugs; he was a gangster, who transported drugs from Bangkok in the Vietnam War to the east cost of the United States. Frank Lucas was not just and old street-pharmacist, he was smart he had people working for him, people on his side, like the war, the mob, but most of all his family. He got his money up and had his family had his family move from North Carolina over to New Jersey, in a big white house, this way his brothers could work for him and his clientele would increase and he would save money because his family was working for him. Lucas was also smart because he was not like the other gangsters, he did not flash around his money, and he did not wear loud colored clothing. Lucas wore regular suites, as if he was a true business man, he did not have anybody on to him until people started dying from the drugs he had out on the streets, called Blue Magic. It was called Blue Magic because it was a pure drug, nothing in it was mixed. Lucas had the whole east coast on this Blue Magic; he had the Queens, Bergen Country, N. J. , Brooklyn, and the Bronx. This is when a man by the name of Rickie Roberts came in; he was a man who worked for the law and in a prosecutor’s office. Rickie Roberts was a good cope, at least he thought, he did something no cope would ever do, he turned in nine-hundred-eighty-seven-thousand dollars unmarked cash and did not one police officers respect him for it. Roberts had a lot in his life, he had a son whose mother was taking him to court for custody of the child, he was going to school to become a lawyer and his state bar test was coming up, and he wants to catch Frank Lucas. Roberts finds out about the Blue Magic by his partner dying from it, then that is when he started letting his guard down by wearing the flashy coat his wife bought for him. This is when Roberts had the man he was looking for; he just needed a way to stop him. In the end Lucas finally was caught coming out from church, by Roberts. He was convicted of conspiracy to distribute narcotics and was sentenced to seventy-years in prison but he only served fifteen-years and was released in 1991. His brothers were convicted on drug trafficking. His mother moved back to North Carolina, and his wife moved to Puerto Rico. However, Rickie Roberts quit the prosecutors’ office and became a defense attorney; his first client was Frank Lucas. The film is episodic because of the short scenes and numerous characters. The type of message I received from this movie was â€Å"don’t sale drugs†, because you only in up in two places behind bars or six feet under. It also gave me the feeling of a person getting fast money not working hard for what they want, but â€Å"good things come to people who are patience and work hard†. American Gangster is compared to the American dream; and the American dream is defined as having a nice house, good paying job, kids and a dog, and no worries in the world. The way I think American Gangster relates to that is, Frank Lucas did kind of lived the American dream and beyond because he had a nice house for his family and a good paying illegal job, a dog but no kids of his own, I guess his brothers were his kids. The purpose of this film was to inform audiences about a, true life story, of a man who tried to live the American dream by selling drugs and his negative results. The writing of this film was very unique. I thought the film was a work of considerable technical as well as artistic merit, because it makes you respect and acknowledge the fact that this was a smart dangerous man. I think, Zaillian’s, point of view of this movie was to express how Frank Lucas’s life really was, and to get the audience to feel the hurt that Lucas went through. I thought the story and the theme was interesting because it showed how greed, wealth, progress, and success can lead to trouble in someone life. I think â€Å"the more money you have, the more problems you will see†. The reason why I think this is because Lucas, over the time became greedy and he was not able to receive drugs anymore because the war was over. So he started to have problems with everything, life, family, and his wife. I thought the story gave a fresh insight into human condition of wealth and greed. I thought the American Gangster was based and a portrayal source of historical events, for example, when Roberts’s partner killed the black man for drugs at that apartment, and all the black people were outside the apartment ready to charge the door. It seemed like a riot to me. The whole movie was a historical event because it was based on a true story, which is historical. The director uses a lot of money as a symbol of evil and trouble. I think this because everybody who had money or was real wealthy in this movie was evil and had a lot of troubles in their life. The irony of it was Rickie Roberts. For example, when he had the chanced to have a lot of money he did not take it, he turned it in instead, and everybody thought he was stupid for it, but really he was smart for turning in the money. I think this because the money would have brought evil and trouble to his life and since he turned it in, I think he was the real wealthy person because in the end he to Frank Lucas, he passed his law exam, and was able to become a defense attorney. The directing of this movie was great. I thought the story was told in a visually interesting way, because it showed a lot of action and it was not just about gangsters it was also about learning how to survive in the streets. The special effects were very effective, the way characters would get shot looked real, but most of all when they showed characters use the drugs and the way their skin would look after wards. The director did a great job on the location and studio environment because the sound effects and picture was nice a clear. I think American Gangster did not really show, Ridley Scott’s, personal style of movies, because this movie was about someone’s life and they had to make it like Frank Lucas’s life was back in those days. I thought the actor’s performances were guided by the director effectively. The acting of American Gangster was great. The stars of American Gangster were; Russell Crowe, Denzel Washington, Chiwetel Ejiofor, and Cuba Gooding, J. R. I thought their performances were real life like; it gave me that real street life feeling. These are also all magnificent actresses. The actors who played the supporting roles were so effective I would have thought they were professionals. The actors made American Gangster, Frank Lucas’s, story seem believable, serious, and heart fulfilling. The editing was interesting and effective. The sequences do develop emotional impact. For example, when he bought his mother and his family the new house, to see the happy look on his mother’s face when she was told that it was her house, was so emotional it gave that deep feeling like when you want to cry for something that is good. The unusual or symbolic juxtaposition I thought added interest was when Rickie Roberts was trying to put the pieces together by taking pictures trying to put the pieces together by taking pictures of suspects and putting their pictures in order so the story would come together and it would get him closer to Frank Lucas and the bottom of the story. In the end Frank Lucas put all the pictures in order and told the story. The production elements of the movie were effective. The setting of the movie was effective, because it starts with Frank Lucas killing someone by setting them on fire and then he shot them. This made me feel like it was going to be a really good action movie. The lighting was effective it set the moods. The music set the mood as well, when it was sad, happy, and intense. The costumes and makeup were effective; the actors played their parts well when it came down to acting like an old school gangster. For example, when Frank Lucas went into the hood to sale his products he was made up in an afro and long beard, he would be in disguised. The special effects were effective, when they showed the dead bodies on the Army plane, they looked real. There were no continuity breaks while watching this film. The elements that I was able to identify were the music, the special effects, and the makeup. My overall impression of the film was great, I really enjoyed it. The film’s strengths were the special effects and the acting. For example, the special effects were good when someone was shot and when they showed the dead bodies in the army bags. The all around best, I think Denzel Washington is a good actress in every movie he makes. The film’s weaknesses was none, I do not think I seen any weaknesses. I was not disturbed by anything; I was impressed with the whole movie. The movie was great; I would recommend others to experience this film. The iconographic that I came upon was when Frank Lucas speaks of being to loud, like the big bright suits they wore. This made me think of the street-pharmacist today, their profile is big cars with a loud color paint job and loud music with flashy clothing. I think foreshadowing was used when Rickie Roberts gets Lucas’s cousin to snitch, then he tells him that Frank Lucas will find out he snitched then he will kill him because he was his cousin. The films political significance was the use of violence, when the whole world became greedy and wanted money and drugs. The social significance was the study of the society in Harlem, went from bad to everybody on drugs and dying, which I would call it social dead zone. The film historical significance was that it was based on a true story. If the film was from another culture, their conventions would be interesting and unusual. The movie did have subtitles; it was necessary and beneficial to read the subtitles. The effect it had was good; I was able to understand what was going on in the movie and not get confused. I think American Gangster can not be a sequel because it was based on a true story of someone’s life. My critical perspective of this movie was that it was very unique, never seen anything like it, I feel that it will reduce the numerous of people who sale drugs, and overall it was an in creditable movie. How to cite American Gangster Film Review by Steven Zaillian, Papers

Oil Pollution And Its Effect On Wildlife Essays - Ocean Pollution

Oil Pollution and Its Effect on Wildlife "OIL POLLUTION AND ITS EFFECT ON WILDLIFE" INTRODUCTION: Contamination of the oceans by oil spillage is not a rare occurrence. It is happening all over the world every day, fouling coastlines, killing animals and destroying fisheries. BODY: In 1987, more than 3.5 million tons of oil were released into the oceans around the world. Out of that only 28 percent of the spillage was accidental; the remaining 72 percent was deliberate, illegal actions. The sources of oil spillage were: Washing tanks at sea: A lot of the illegal pollution is caused by cleaning of oil tanks at sea. After they are cleaned the tankers then dump the polluted water, mixed with all the oil residue, back into the ocean. Oil well blowouts: Blowouts occurring at oil well heads release huge amounts of oil and gas into the ocean. The drilling vessel IXTOTI released more than 400,000 tons of oil into the Gulf of mexico over a period of 9 months after its well exploded in 1978. Tanker accidents: The most publicized of the oil spills are those caused by tanker accidents. There have been hundreds of accidents involving the spilling of million of tons of oil. Big oil spills, no matter what way they occur, reflect on the oil industry badly. The clean?up cost alone is enormous, and the amount of damages can be into the millions of dollars. Despite the clean?up efforts, once there is an oil spill, it cannot be prevented from causing major damage to wildlife and the environment. EFFECT ON WILDLIFE: All the migrating seabirds like guillemots, puffins, and razorbills are at risk from oil pollution. During migration, they look for calm water where they rest and fish. Oil?covered seas look calm to birds, and they land on the water by thousands, only to be trapped in the oil and die of starvation. The birds that don't become trapped usually die as well from trying to remove the oil from their feathers, the birds ingest the oil and that usually kills them in a few days. The oil that washes to shore on the beaches where seals and sea lion breed harm these animals as well, any animals that get caught in the oil usually die. An area that is rich in wildlife is Alaska's Prince William Sound. When the Exxon Valdez had it's spill thousands of sea otters died and lot's more are still at risk. When the oil coats their fur, otters can't swim or maintain there body temperature, they either freeze to death, or drown. When a marine animal dies it is usually eaten by other species and then those species get poisoned too. CLEANING UP: Crude oil is complex, it is mixed with more than a 1000 different chemicals. In most seas, the highly toxic light hydrocarbons, which are refined to gasoline and jet fuel, soon evaporate, lower the risk to some marine life. As in the Artic it is freezing and the process of evaporation is slow because of the low temperature. In these conditions the oil must be burned. In calm waters, floating booms can contain the oil so that it can be pumped off the surface of the sea into holding tanks. They remove what they can and the remaining oil is sprayed with chemicals. These chemicals break down the oil into tiny particles, which than get broken down by bacteria which feed on some of the hydrocarbons in the oil. Yet the residue will eventually end up on the beaches. CONCLUSION: Most of the worst oil pollution is caused by the cleaning of ships oil storage tanks at sea. If they had stricter policies dealing with this activity this may be avoided. Every year, a large amount of oil is spilled throughout the North Sea through the dumping of petroleum products, both on land and in the sea. A lot of oil is released by sewers and rivers. We can help and reduce oil pollution by returning used motor oil for recycling rather than pouring it down the drain or burying it in the yard.